Cataract is an eye condition that occurs when the natural lens of the eye loses its transparency and becomes cloudy. It causes a decrease in visual quality, blurred vision, light sensitivity, and fading of colors. Although mostly age-related, it can also be caused by diabetes, eye trauma, long-term steroid use, or congenital factors. The only definitive and permanent treatment for cataracts is surgical intervention. In this article, we will explain how cataract surgery is performed, who it is suitable for, the recovery process, potential risks, and estimated costs in 2025.

Symptoms of Cataracts

• Blurred or cloudy vision

• Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription

• Faded colors

• Sensitivity to light (especially at night)

• Double vision (in one eye)

• Difficulty reading or seeing fine details

What Is Cataract Surgery?

Cataract surgery involves the removal of the cloudy natural lens and replacing it with an intraocular lens (IOL). The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia (eye drops or injection), and patients are discharged the same day.

The most common technique is phacoemulsification (phaco), in which the cloudy lens is broken up using ultrasound energy and then removed. A foldable artificial lens is then implanted into the eye.

Who Should Have Cataract Surgery?

Surgery is recommended when:

• Visual quality affects daily life

• Reading, driving, or similar activities become difficult

• Clear vision cannot be achieved even with glasses

• Cataract is too advanced to allow a proper retinal examination

Cataracts can affect people of all ages, but surgery is usually advised when the condition impacts quality of life.

How Is Cataract Surgery Performed?

1. Preparation: A comprehensive eye exam and lens measurement

2. Anesthesia: Usually topical (eye drops)

3. Phacoemulsification: Small incision, ultrasound breaks up the lens

4. Lens Implantation: Foldable IOL is placed in the eye

5. Closure: Usually no stitches; the incision heals naturally

The procedure takes approximately 10–20 minutes.

Post-Surgery Recovery

• Mild discomfort, tearing, or blurred vision on the first day

• Vision usually improves within a few days

• Eye drops must be used for about 1 month

• Avoid rubbing the eyes, heavy lifting, dusty environments

• Return to normal activities is usually possible after 1 week

Risks of Cataract Surgery

Although generally safe, some risks include:

• Eye infection (rare)

• Eye pressure changes

• Retinal detachment (uncommon)

• Dislocation of the intraocular lens

• “Secondary cataract” (can be corrected with YAG laser)

These risks are minimized with modern technology and experienced surgeons.

Types of Intraocular Lenses

• Monofocal Lens: Corrects distance vision, reading glasses may still be needed

• Multifocal Lens: Improves both near and far vision, reduces need for glasses

• Toric Lens: Corrects astigmatism

Lens selection is based on the patient’s lifestyle, eye structure, and expectations.

Cataract Surgery Costs in 2025

Prices vary based on:

• Lens type (monofocal, multifocal, toric)

• Hospital quality and technology

• Surgeon’s experience

• Insurance coverage (public or private)

Conclusion: Clear Vision Again with Cataract Surgery

Cataracts are common with aging but are treatable. Modern cataract surgery is safe and effective. If your vision quality has decreased or your daily life is affected, consult an eye specialist for an examination and personalized advice.